How to File an RTI (Right to Information) in India: Step-by-Step Guide

The Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005 empowers Indian citizens to request information from government departments. It promotes transparency and accountability in governance. Filing an RTI application allows individuals to obtain official records, policy details, and administrative decisions.

This guide outlines the complete process to file an RTI in India, whether online or offline.

What is the Right to Information (RTI) Act?

The RTI Act, 2005 grants citizens the right to access government-held information, ensuring transparency in public administration. Any citizen of India can file an RTI application to seek information from government bodies, except matters concerning national security or sensitive personal data.

Who Can File an RTI?

• Any Indian citizen
• Organizations and NGOs (on behalf of citizens)
• Journalists and researchers

Where Can an RTI Be Filed?

You can file an RTI with:

1. Central Government Departments (e.g., Income Tax, Railways, Education, Health)
2. State Government Departments
3. Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs)
4. Municipal Corporations and Local Bodies
5. Government-Aided Educational Institutions

Exemptions Under the RTI Act

Certain information is exempt from disclosure under Section 8 of the RTI Act, including:

• National security matters
• Personal information of individuals
• Cabinet discussions
• Intelligence and investigative records

Step-by-Step Process to File an RTI in India

Step 1: Identify the Information Needed

• Be specific about the information required.
• Check if the information is already available in the public domain (government websites, reports, etc.).

Step 2: Identify the Relevant Public Authority

• Determine which department holds the information.
• If unsure, file an RTI with the Public Information Officer (PIO) of the concerned ministry.

Step 3: Draft the RTI Application

• Write the application in English, Hindi, or the regional language of the state.
• Mention “Application under the Right to Information Act, 2005.”
• Clearly state the required information.
• Provide details of the applicant (name, address, contact number, and email).
• Mention the applicable RTI fee.

Step 4: Pay the RTI Application Fee

• Central Government RTI Fee: ₹10 (as per RTI Rules, 2012)
• State Government RTI Fee: Varies by state

Accepted Payment Methods:

• Demand Draft (DD) or Indian Postal Order (IPO)
• Online payment (for online RTI applications)
• Cash (for physical applications at designated offices)

Step 5: Submit the RTI Application

For Offline Submission:

• Send the application via Speed Post or Registered Post to the PIO of the concerned department.
• Retain a copy of the application and postal receipt for reference.

For Online Submission:

• Visit the official RTI portal: https://rtionline.gov.in/
• Register/login and select the appropriate department.
• Fill in the details and upload supporting documents (if required).
• Pay the fee and submit the request.

Step 6: Wait for the RTI Response

• The department must respond within 30 days (as per Section 7 of the RTI Act).
• If information concerns life or liberty, a reply must be given within 48 hours.
• If the application is rejected, the department must provide valid reasons.

What to Do If You Don’t Receive a Response?

If the department fails to respond within the stipulated time:

1. File a First Appeal within 30 days to the First Appellate Authority (FAA) of the concerned department.
2. File a Second Appeal within 90 days to the Central/State Information Commission.
3. If necessary, approach the High Court or Supreme Court.

Documents Required for Filing an RTI

• RTI application (written or online form)
• Proof of identity (for some state applications)
• Application fee proof (online receipt, IPO, or DD)

RTI Filing Fees Across Different States

• Central Government: ₹10
• Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu: ₹10
• Uttar Pradesh, Bihar: ₹25
• Kerala: ₹50

(Specific fees vary; check the respective state RTI website.)

Common Uses of RTI in India

• Seeking information on government schemes and policies
• Resolving issues related to pensions and PF
• Checking exam results and mark sheets (if withheld)
• Investigating corruption and misuse of funds
• Addressing delays in government services

Challenges in Filing RTIs

• Delays in response or incomplete replies
• Rejection under broad exemption clauses
• Bureaucratic hurdles